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we r Interested in introducing Egypt in depth to the enthusiast tourists who love Exploring and learning about ancient and modern Egypt. my private tours are diverse and cover many spots of Egypt ! , I am able to recognize my guests interest , and give them exactly what they are expecting and to take the appropriate attitude to their personality (history, arts, sites, nature, astronomy, politics, etc). I will tailor the tour according to your budget, needs and interests.
Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Egyptian Mummy's Elaborate Hairstyle Revealed in 3D
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Monday, April 22, 2013
Egypt Nile Cruises Packages with Free consultation
Egypt Nile Cruises Packages with Free consultation
Nile Cruises Packages
A Nile Cruise trip is a very enjoyable experience that any visitor must do when he visit Egypt. A Nile Cruise boat is a highly appointed, floating, 5-star hotel, with most of the facilities of a normal 5-star hotel, including a relaxing sun deck and swimming pool. All your meals are included, though beverages and bottled water are not included. You will have your own en-suite, air-conditioned cabin (we book upper deck cabins wherever possible), and full use of all the boats facilities (restaurants, ships, sun deck, swimming pool, etc) We use several different cruise boats on the Nile, and we will inform you exactly which boat we will use enough time before your departure, as the boats shuttle back and forth on the Nile between Aswan and Luxor, with regular breaks for cleaning and maintenance. However, we regularly inspect to ensure they are of the same 5-star deluxe standard.
Good To Know Before You Go There are too many Nile Cruises in Egypt. The most difficult is to choose which one to take. A lot of people don't know the Difference between Nile Cruises and why there are some cruises are very expensive and others are very cheap. That's why we tried to make this Web Site as a reference for most Nile Cruises in Egypt in order to help visitors to choose the right one for them. Our Free consultation will help you to understand every detail about your trip before you book it. We believe that the client must know what he is going to take and take the value of the money he paid.
Good To Know Before You Go There are too many Nile Cruises in Egypt. The most difficult is to choose which one to take. A lot of people don't know the Difference between Nile Cruises and why there are some cruises are very expensive and others are very cheap. That's why we tried to make this Web Site as a reference for most Nile Cruises in Egypt in order to help visitors to choose the right one for them. Our Free consultation will help you to understand every detail about your trip before you book it. We believe that the client must know what he is going to take and take the value of the money he paid.
Sunday, April 14, 2013
SMILE
The first emotion _- SMILE - in history (sure where else) ... in E ♥ g ♥ y ♥ p ♥ t
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Ancient Egypt: The civilization of God’s wrath
The pharoahs graves were dug up and looted. Their bones broken, their sarcophagus opened and their gold taken. Their tombs raided and their weapons sold off. Their graves moved or erased and or covered up. And this is the following of the nine gods. As I said in another chapter here, nine is of the occult and Egypt was one of the deepest of occult civilizations.
From their beliefs in the book of the dead and its magic spells to pass through the nine gates of the underworld to their building of the pyramids and their idols of half men, half animal gods. Their love was for gold and is of the god of riches and wealth. And all this and one man, one mild man God used to go in and go out and with him, take many out of bondage and slavery.
One man in a robe and staff to go up against the most advanced civilization of Egypt and against the pharoah! The place where the largest of structures of Earth have been built. And Moses walked it off like a good sport.
The egyptians worshipped cats, idols and were into black magic arts. The pharoah’s priests opposed Moses and tried to out do him with their magic arts, but Moses defeated that attempt with his single staff.
The pyramid has been a symbol of the occult and new age since any of us were born and when you see it, it is a warning to us that it is of something to think into the past about. When the one who was leader of this civlization defied God’s messanger and his warnings.
The pyramid is the symbol of idol worship and idolatry of self. When they say this is the true, original trinity and that the christian trinity is the follow up, false trinity…this is far from the truth. Do not believe this! The devil knew what was coming and does know his time is short and knows his fate. To counter God’s HOLY Trinity and to deceive many, he would create his own unholy trinity…in many forms. This doesn’t just come from the RA, ISIS, Horus trinity but there are others too. And just because it came BEFORE Christ…does NOT mean it is more true or more worthy than the trinity of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
The New age teachings are based on pyramidology, book of the dead, egyptology, black magic and channeling the unseen. These are the unseen forces that also the pharoah’s high priests were in touch with. And like Hitler who received information from such forces to create an anti-christ army, so too did the high priests of Pharoah to consult with the unseen to gain the knowledge needed for the building of the structures of Egypt. How else do we believe that Hitler knew so much more advanced technology for the domination of the air in his time, compared to the advanced technology of the pyramid structures during the pharoah’s time? His arm broken by God? The next anti-christ is said to be one armed and with one eye and with akward legs and twisted hair, stout in size and of the anti-messiah that many accept as the true messiah. How accurate those physical features will be…is only to be known when this comes.
Their god was the lord of the underworld, sun god RA and the mother goddess of earth, ISIS and the god of war, son of RA, the plant MARS is represented by this and is the aeon of Horus that is approaching for the end of days…days of the global order under the rule of the new pharaoh.
The protest by blacks in 07 that King Tut was black. Actually, he was Egyptian with dark skin that made him appear to look black but he was not African. There were simply similarities to the features but the African black is different of the Egyptian dark skin. Many of the blacks supporting this are going by only appearance. There are also asians who are chinese and korean and taiwan or Japan and many look alike but are different races. This is the same with King Tut.
Would you connect yourself with a civilization that received the WRATH of God? That insulted God’s messanger? That defied God’s words? That tested God’s will? That enslaved God’s people? That worshipped idols? That were involved in the underworld and the book of the dead vs the book of life? That were of astrology, fallen angels, nephilium connections and are today heavy within occult secret societies? Would you associate yourself with any symbol related to such? With any religion founded on such research as the Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormans and Catholicism has basis in. Egyptian Oblisk center of the wheel at the vatican. Book of the Divine ages by Charles Russel of JWs. Egyptian plates read by Joseph Smith.
So, there you have it. This and there is a lot more to discover. However, today we have the novus ordo seclorum or New World Order under what on the back of US dollar? And what eye over the dollar? The all seeing eye of God or the eye of Horus? You be the judge. I simply show what is obvious.
I personally wondered for a long time why there is a pyramid on US $ money. And why anything related to Egyptian monuments or symbols are related to the Catholic church?
God took no time at all to take down the most powerful nation and civilization in the world with using the King of Babylon against the pharaoh and to scatter the people of Egypt and that HE DID. And it did not last against the God of Moses.
So…shall it come in our future, don’t be surprised of the fallen angels and the new world order.
Wanderung vom Tal der Königinnen (QV) durch die Berge, vorbei am Sanktuar des Ptah und der Meretseger, nach Dier el Medina und von da nach Qurna.
this article was taken from www.isis und osiris .de
Wir nehmen euch heute mal auf die "kleine" Wanderung mit.
Wir sind ins Tal der Königinnen (QV) das auch "Biban el-Harim" genannt wird gefahren und haben uns da erst die Gräber angesehen.
Als erstes kommt man an dem Grab der Nerfertari vorbei. Das Grab der großen Königlichen Gemahlin Nefertari Meri-en-Mut die Ehefrau von Ramses II. QV 66 ist 1904 von dem Ägyptologen Ernesto Schiparelli entdeckt worden. Die J.Paul Getty Stiftung hat das Grab für fast 10 Millionen US-Dollar restauriert und 1995 wieder für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht.
Leider ist das Grab nur noch mit Genehmigung aus Kairo, verbunden mit einer hohen Summe (es wird von 20000 LE geredet Stand 2007) und einem Eintrittsgeld von 100LE zu besichtigen
Das Tal der Königinnen (250 m x 140 m) ist etwas größer als das Tal der Könige. Hier sind die Gräber entlang des Wadis ausgerichtet und nicht wie im Tal der Könige "wahllos" verteilt.
Nun geht es weiter zum Grab von Chaemwaset QV 44
Chaemwaset war der zweitälteste Sohn von Isisnofret. Er hatte die Titel Sem Priester des Ptah, Oberster Leiter der Künstlerschaft, Oberster Leiter des Sed-Fest des Herrn der beiden Länder Usermaatre-Setepenre inne. Er war auch für die Planung und den Bau des Serapeums verantwortlich. Chaemwaset war auch als Restaurator der Altertümer bekannt. So wurde z.B. am Grabbezirk des Djoser in Saqqara gearbeitet, sowie am Grab des Schepseskaf, der Pyramide des Unas, der des Sahure, dem Sonnentempel des Niuserre und der Großen Pyramide von Giza - wie die dort gefundenen Restaurationsinschriften bezeugen. Das ganze Grab ist mit Scheiben vor den Wänden geschützt. Die Scheiben sollen die Kunstwerke vor heutigen Vandalen und Ignoranten, von denen es leider zu viele im Tal der Könige und Königinnen gibt, schützen.
Im Tal der Königinnen sind über 80 Gräber gefunden worden aber nur ca. 50 % sind eindeutig zuzuordnen. Viele der Gräber waren auch noch nicht fertiggestellt. Im Tal der Königinnen wurde ca. 500 Jahre lang gearbeitet - von der 18. bis zur 20. Dyn.. Weiter geht es zum Grab von Titi QV 52
Sie hatte die Titel Erbprinzessin, Königstochter, Schwester des Königs, große Königliche Gemahlin, Gottesmutter, Herrin der beiden Länder und Gottesmutter inne.
Nun kommen wir zum letzten Grab für heute. Das Grab QV 55 des Prinzen Amun-her-chepeschef.
Der Eingang zum Grab von Prinz Amun-her-chepeschef liegt tiefer als die anderen Eingänge und führt dann noch weiter nach unten in den Felsen. Der große Granitsarkophag für den schon jung verstorbenen Amun-her-chepeschef fällt einem als erstes auf. Er hatte den Namen von Ramses II. erst geborenem Sohn bekommen, ... damit er von seinen Taten lerne ... Ramses III. hatte vielen seiner Söhne Namen von seinen Vorgängern gegeben. In der Grabkammer des jungen Prinzen hat man auch einen 5 Monate alten Fötus gefunden (kleine Vitrine im Hintergrund rechts). Die Ägyptologen sind sich noch nicht einig warum man hier einen Fötus finden konnte, denn Amunherchepeschef ist schon als Junge verstorben. Auf dem Bild sehen wir eine Gesamtansicht des Grabes von Amun-her-chepeschef, dem vierten Sohn von Ramses III. (User-maat-re Meri-amun). Von ihm selbst ist leider nicht viel bekannt, da er schon früh als Kind verstarb.
Leider waren viele Gräber hier im Tal geschlossen wegen Restauration. Closed for Restauration ... ein Schild das wir auf unserer ganzen "Expedition" zu oft gesehen haben :( alles was für uns interessant gewesen wäre war somit in weite ferne geraten.
Nun geht unsere Wanderung weiter durch die Berge in Richtung Dier el-Medina. Auf dem Weg zurück zum Eingang (Ticket-Häuschen) seht ihr schon den Trampelpfad der von da ab in die Berge geht.
Das Heiligtum ( Sanktuar ) des Ptah und der Meretseger hat man recht schnell erreicht. Hier haben die Arbeiter die auf dem Weg ins Tal der Königinnen waren zum arbeiten ihr "Andacht" abgehalten. Ptah war der Schutzgott der Abeiter und somit brachten die Arbeiter hier ihre Opfer da.
Von hier aus seht ihr das Tal der Königinnen und es zeigt euch die Aussicht das es nicht so weit weg liegt. Das schöne Heiligtum das uns sehr überrascht hatte mit seinen noch gut erhaltenen Reliefs usw.
Hier seht ihr, dass das Heiligtum gut in der Felswand versteckt liegt und somit auch etwas geschützt lag.
Diese schönen Reliefs haben wir hier wie gesagt nicht erwartet. Hier lohnt es sich eine kleine Pause einzulegen und die Stille der Berge zu geniesen.
Von hier aus Blicken wir noch mal zurück ins Tal der Königinnen.
So nun genug Pause gemacht und weiter geht es den Berg hinauf. Das rote Gebäude das ihr da oben seht ist das Wachhaus das am Ende der Treppen errichtet wurde. Keine Angst so weit hoch gehen wir heute nicht das behalten wir uns für die nächste Tour vor.
Nun haben wir den Höchsten Punkt für heute erreicht. Von hier oben gehen wir nun wieder den Berg runter und besichtigen uns da die Gräber von Sennedjem ( TT 1 ), Paschedu ( TT 3 ) und das von Imherkau ( TT 359 )
Nach dem wir uns nun die Gräber und die Siedlung genau unter die Lupe genommen haben gehen wir weiter zum Hathor Tempel. Der Tempel von Deir el-Medina (Kloster der Stadt) wurde von Ptolemaios IV. Philopator im 3.JH. v. Chr. (222 - 205 v. Chr.) begonnen und von Ptolemaios XIII. fortgeführt aber nie vollendet. Geweiht war der Tempel den Göttinnen Maat und Hathor. Die Siedlung von Deir el-Medina war fast 500 Jahre lang bewohnt. Danach wurde der Tempel der Hathor in eine Kirche umgewandelt und christliche Eremiten nutzten die offenen Gräber als Wohnungen. Erst im siebten Jahrhundert nach Christus war der Ort endgültig verlassen worden.
Ein paar Schritte weiter kommen wir zum "Brunnenschacht". der 42 Meter tief ist. Hier hat man etwa 10.000 Ostraka (Tonscherben, die für kurze Notizen und Aufzeichnungen verwendet wurden) mit nicht literarischem Inhalt - überwiegend aus der Ramessiden-Zeit geborgen. Da diese mächtige antike Zisterne als Abfallanlage der Künstlerstadt diente hat man hier viele Informationen aus dem Alltagsleben der Bewohner gefunden. selten gibt es an einem Ort so eine Fülle an Informationen über das "normale" Leben, die Verwaltung eines Dorfes oder die kommunale Gerichtsbarkeit. Selbst Aufzeichnungen über Anwesenheit, die Länge der Arbeitstage, wann und warum ein Arbeiter unpünktlich zur Arbeit erschien oder daß ein Arbeiter zu hause blieb, weil seine Frau ihn geschlagen hatte gibt es. Es wurden Listen mit den Lebensmittellieferungen und Listen mit Dingen des täglichen Bedarfs gefunden. Ebenso Verträge und Protokolle bei Gerichtsverhandlungen und Privatbriefe.
Nun geht unsere Wanderung weiter nach Qurna. Nach ca. 15 min weiter laufen haben wir Qurna erreicht. Man kommt in der Ecke des Rammeseums wieder auf die Straße. Im Rammeseum Caffe haben wir natürlich wieder Rast bei den "Rassuls" eingelegt um unseren Durst zu stillen.
Hier endet auch unsere Wanderung für heute aber die nächste kommt bestimmt :-)
Saffgräbern in el-Tarif
this article was taken from www.isis&osiris .deEl-Tarif ist in dem Gebiet nördlich des Totentempels Sethos I. zu finden. Er wird auch als Antef-Friedhof bezeichnet, da hier drei große Grabanlagen gefunden wurden die den Antef-Herrschern (-Königen) zugeschrieben werden. Es handelt sich um Saff el- Kisasija, Saff el-Baqar und Saff el-Dawaba das wir auch besucht haben.
Bei der südlichsten Grabanlage Saff el-Dawaba handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um das Grab Antef I. Die mittlere Grabanlage, Saff el-Kisasija wird Antef II. zugeschrieben da dort die sogenannte Hundestele (Grabstele) gefunden wurde, auch wurde das Grab im Papyrus Abbott erwähnt. Saff el Baqar wurde als drittes Grab errichtet und wird Antef III. zugewiesen. (Quelle: Arnold El-Tarif S. 22)
Mariette soll hier im hintergrund auch noch noch Reste von Ziegelpyramiden gefunden haben.
Arnold erwähnt weiter das hier 250 Gräber auf diesem Friedhof gefunden wurden. Er schätzt das es ehemals zwischen 300 und 400 Saffgräber gab. (Arnold, El-Tarif S. 44). Von ihnen wurden 250 Gräber auf diesem Friedhof gefunden. Die Gräber gehören den hohen Beamten der Zeit vor der Reichseinigung unter Mentuhotep Nebhepetre. Vereinzelt werden noch unter Mentuhotep III. "Vornehme Adelige" hier beigesetzt. Im südwestlichen Teil des Friedhofes sind Gräber einer "ärmeren Bevölkerungsschicht" bis in die 12. Dynastie hinein zu finden.
Hier haben wir die Grabanlage Saff el-Dawaba bei der es sich wahrscheinlich um das Grab Antef I. handelt. Ihr seht selbst das es nicht ganz so einfach ist die Anlage zu finden, da sie sich mitten in dem heutigen Dorf befindet, diese Umstand macht auch eine weiter Grabung zunichte. Bei Arnold (El-Tarif, S. 20) ist auch über das Ostende des Hofes zu lesen "das dort der Felsboden des Hofes ohne nennenswerte Verschüttungen offen liegt." Spuren einer Abschlußmauer, oder einer Ziegelkapelle wie beim Saff el-Kisasija wurden hier nicht gefunden.
Der Hof hat heute noch eine länge von 300m und eine breite von 54m.
Der Aushub der Gräber wurde als Aufschüttung um die Grabanlage verteilt, so daß sie 12m unter dem heutigen Bodenniveau liegt.
Das Grabinnere soll laut Arnold vollendet gewesen sein nur die Hofanlage wurde wohl nie fertig gestellt. Heute ist nicht mehr viel zu finden außer diesen Pfeiler an dem man noch erkennt wie er bearbeitet wurde.
auch findet man noch die "Grabnische", leider wurde dieser Platz irgendwie als Müllhalde "mißbraucht"
Hier versucht einer unserer Expeditionsteilnehmer in den Umgang der Grabanlage zu gelangen in dem auch noch Grabkegel gefunden wurden. Leide ist dieser Gang komplet zerstört.
Wir haben noch einige Saff Gräber im Bereich des muslimschen Friedhofes gefunden. Leider habe ich werder bei Porter Moss noch bei den Plänen von Arnod gefunden um welche Gräber es sich nun handelt. Ich kann nur mutmaßen das sie noch zum Saff el-Dawaba gehörten, aber das ist nur meine meinung (nach der einsicht der Karten) von daher kann ich es nicht belegen.
Hier ein Blick von außen auf die Gräber, so hat man auch einen Einblick wo sich die Gräber befinden.
und hier das ganze bei näherer Betrachtung
bei dieser Aufnahme kann man sehr gut sehen das die heutigen Ägypter die alten Grabstätten "wieder verwenden" für ihre Toten.
diese Gräber befinden sich auf der anderen Seite der modernen Straße in Richtung Totentempels Sethos I.
... auch hier ist mehr Unrat in den Gräbern als das man noch viel
erkennen könnte :-( ...
Abydos
History
Abydos has been used as a burial site and sacred site since predynastic history. It was originally sacred to the jackal-headed god Wepwawet, who "opened the way" to the realm of the dead. Anhur appeared in the XI Dynasty at Abydos; Anubis rose to importance in the Middle Kingdom then vanished in the XVIII Dynasty. The worship of Osiris in his various forms appeared at Abydos in the XXII Dynasty and became increasingly important, until the entire site was considered sacred primarily to him by the XIX Dynasty. The Temple of Seti I at Abydos was begun during the reign of Pharoah Seti I (1318-1304 BC) and completed by his son Ramses II (1304-1237 BC) during the XIX Dynasty of the New Kingdom. The temple represents an artistic revival of Old Kingdom forms and was part of Seti's attempt to consolidate the Ramessid dynasty after the losses under Akhenaten. By identifying himself with the great gods and previous rulers of Egypt, Seti added legitmacy to a ruling family that had been mere warriors just a few generations ago. Pharaoh Merneptah added a great Hypogeum of Osiris to the temple of Seti. The final building to be added was the Temple of Nectanebo I in the XXX dynasty, but various additions to the site were made through the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. Thanks to its impressive carvings, the Temple of Seti I has been a tourist attraction since the 1830s. Abydos began to be excavated in the early 20th century by Flinders Petrie and excavations still continue today. In more recent times, Abydos was the home of New Age practitioner Dorothy Eady from 1946 until her death in 1981. Mrs. Eady believed herself to be a reincarnation of an Abydos temple priestess and lover of Seti I, was known as Umm Seti (Mother of Seti), experienced trances and uttered prophecies. More details can be had in her book Abydos: The Holy City in Ancient Egypt and the biography by Jonathan Cott, The Search for Omm Sety.What to See
The site of Abydos is huge, and includes a number of ruins and mounds around the edge of the desert. Most visitors, however, stick to the grand Temple of Seti I because of time and police restrictions. The Temple of Seti I has an unusual L-shaped layout and multiple sanctuaries, but otherwise incorporates the elements common to Egyptian temples. Entrance is on the north side, where the pylon and forecourt are mostly destroyed but still contain some partial reliefs (such as Ramses II defeating enemies at Qadesh, on the left side of the forecourt). Stairs lead from the forecourt to the upper second court, where damaged statues are displayed. Overlooking the second court is a facade with square pillars covered with reliefs of Ramses II greeting Osiris, Isis and Horus. The upper part of the facade has been rebuilt in concrete. The Outer Hypostyle Hall contains sunk-reliefs completed by Ramses II after Seti's death. They are not very impressive, suggesting that Ramses redeployed Seti's best craftsmen to work on his own temple, the Ramesseum. On the entrance wall, Ramses measures the temple with the goddess Selket and presents it to Horus. On the right wall, Ramses offers a falcon-headed box of papyrus to Isis, Horus and Osiris and is led to the temple by Horus and the jackal-headed Wepwawet to be anointed with holy water (represented by interlinked ankhs). One of the roof lintels in the Outer Hypostyle Hall bears a cartouche that has become famous for including the so-called "Abydos helicopter." Internet theorists hold that the ancient engraving shows a helicopter and submarine; archaeologists disagree and explain the unusual shape as resulting from erosion and the layering of one cartouche over another. The Inner Hypostyle Hall, made of sandstone on the east and west sides and limestone on the north and south, was the last part to be decorated before Seti's death. Some sections remain incomplete, but the reliefs that were finished are excellent. On the right wall, Osiris and Horus prou holy water from garlanded vases over Seti, who makes offerings before the shrine of Osiris. Osiris is attended by Maat and Ronpet (goddess of the year) in front and Isis, Amentet (goddess of the west) and Nephthys in back. Seti's profile bears a close likeness to his mummy, which is on display in the Cairo Antiquities Museum. The reliefs on the back wall are still brightly colored, and show Seti being anointed and crowned by the gods. An especially notable section is high on the left, between the sanctuaries of Ptah and Re-Herakhte, with Seti kneeling before Osiris and Horus with the sacred persea tree in the background. Two projecting piers on the side walls near the back of the hall show Seti worshipping the Djed column while wearing the combined crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. Behind the Inner Hypostyle Hall are seven sanctuaries, which contain the best reliefs in the temple. From left, the small sanctuaries are dedicated to Seti I, Ptah, Re-Herakhte, Amun, Osiris, Isis and Horus. Each one is roofed with false vaults carved from rectangular slabs and end in false doors (except for Osiris' sanctuary, which has a real door to his inner sanctuaries). The reliefs in the Sanctuary of Seti emphasize the pharaoh's recognition by the gods, who are shown leading him into the temple and ceremonially uniting the Two Lands (Upper and Lower Egypt) along the northern wall. Near the back of the left wall, Seti receives a list of offerings from Thoth and leopardskin-wearing High Priest Iunmutef. Seti is lastly shown leaving the temple on a palanquin borne by jackal-headed (from Upper Egypt) and hawk-headed (from Lower Egypt) deities. Behind the seven sanctuaries are the inner sanctuaries of Osiris, with three side chapels dedicated to Isis, Seti and Horus respectively. The reliefs in these chapels retain much of their bright colors, but have been blackened by mold in the last few decades. The portal nearest Seti's sanctuary leads into the columned Hall of Sokar and Nerfertum (deities of the north representing the cycle of death and rebirth, who were integrated into the cult of Osiris) in the southern wing of the temple. Reliefs include Seti receiving Sokar (with hawk's head) and Nefertum (in human and lion form, crowned with a lotus blossom). In the Chapel of Sokar, Osiris returns to life grasping his phallus, while Isis hovers over him in the form of a hawk on the opposite wall. The Chapel of Nerfertum requires a flashlight to see anything in. Another portal a little further from Seti's sanctuary leads into the Gallery of Kings, named for the list of Seti's predecessors carved into the right wall. Hatshepsut and Akhenaten (with his heirs) are omitted from the list in accordance with custom, and Seti's own name is listed as Menmare Osiris-Merneptah instead of Menmare Seti-Merneptah in order to distance himself from Seth (a.k.a. Seti), the enemy of Osiris. Seti and Ramses II are depicted facing the list, which has proved very useful to archaeologists and historians. From the Gallery of Kings, a side corridor leads past a relief of Seti and Ramses harnessing a bull and running to greet Wepwawet. From here, a rear door leads behind the temple to the Osireion, the cenotaph or "dummy tomb" of Seti I. Osireions did not contain pharaohs' mummies but were intended to promote a close association between the pharaoh's ka and Osiris. Seti's is the only one of these now visible, but it is still half-buried and partly inaccessible by stagnant water. The Osireion is made of massive blocks and encloses a room that once contained a mound surrounded by a moat, symbolizing the primal mound that arose from the waters of Chaos at the dawn of Creation, and an empty sarcophagus. About 300m northwest of the Temple of Seti I is the ruined Temple of Ramses II. Fragments of reliefs showing the Battle of Qadesh survive on the enclosure walls and pillared courtyard.Griffith Institute Squeezes made in Theban tomb TT 57, of the Overseer of Granaries of Upper and Lower Egypt, Khaemhet, of the reign of Amenophis III (1391-1353 BC)
Cataloguing and editorial assistance: Elizabeth Fleming
Scanning: Junghwa Choi and Jenni Navratil
Griffith Institute, Oxford
Squeezes 4.1-68D were made, or were acquired, by the Revd. Henry Stobart (1824-1895) in Egypt in 1854-5. Squeezes 1.1-15 were made by an unknown person in the 1880s or 1890s.
Court.
(1) Stela, Dyn. XIX. Two registers, Suemmerenhor, Custodian, censes and libates to Osiris and Western goddess in I, and adores Anubis in II.(2) Khaemhet censes and libates with hymn.
(3) Stela, Khaemhet purifies shrine containing four protecting goddesses and Sons of Horus, with canopic jars below.
(4) Lower part of stela with remains of purification scene, and Opening the Mouth instruments and jars below.
(5) Khaemhet adores with hymn.
Hall.
(6) Door leading into the entrance room. Outer jambs, text with Khaemhet seated at bottom. Left thickness, Khaemhet (upper part now in Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum, replaced by a cast) adoring, with hymn to the sun.Griffith Institute squeezes 1.1a, 1.1b, 4.1, 4.1a, 4.1b, 4.1c and 4.2
Head of Khaemhet, from left thickness.
Griffith Institute squeeze 4.3.
Offerings on braziers.
(9) Two remaining registers. I, II, Unloading freight ships, and market.
(10) Niche containing statues of Khaemhet and Imhotep, Royal scribe, with Khaemhet's wife in relief between them. Side walls, litany and offering list (repeated at (24), (26) and (28)), and Khaemhet offering with Opening the Mouth text on right side wall. Left of niche, butchers. Right of niche, victims.
Griffith Institute squeeze 4.49
Hands of priest holding Opening the Mouth instrument, and text, from west wall of niche.
Griffith Institute squeeze 4.56
Text above Khaemhet.
Nine men, from left end of register I.
Upper part of six men, from left end of register I.
Six calves, from left end of register I.
Three calves, and part of text behind Khaemhet, and part of text behind Khaemhet in register I.
Upper part of three calves from group at right end, and part of text behind Khaemhet in I.
Upper part of two men in III.
Head of Amenophis III.
Top left-hand corner of kiosk.
Sphinx slaying captive, with bound captives below, on arm of throne.
Upper part of Khaemhet.
Head of Khaemhet.
Offerings held by Khaemhet, and text.
Offerings on braziers.
Griffith Institute squeezes 4.24, 4.24a and 4.24b
Upper part of Khaemhet.
Boy and two men, from scene of measuring crop, from upper row of register I.
Four men behind Khaemhet, from upper row in register I.
Four men behind Khaemhet, from lower row in register I.
1st, 2nd and 3rd men from left, from scene of measuring crop, from lower row of register I.
3rd, 4th and 5th men from left, from scene of measuring crop, from lower row of register I.
Men holding horses in register II.
Two men, chariots and horses in register II.
Men behind rear chariot in register II.
Man asleep under tree, and waiting mule chariot, from upper row in register III.
Boy playing pipe, and carrying grain, from upper row in register III.
Griffith Institute squeeze 4.20
Upper part of man offering to Khaemhet, from top register.
Head of Khaemhet.
Text above Khaemhet.
Official being rewarded, from left end of register I.
Upper part of official being rewarded, from left end of register I.
Upper part of official being rewarded, from middle of register I.
Upper part of official and six men, from middle and right end of register I.
Upper part of 1st, 2nd and 3rd officials from left, in register II.
Upper part of 3rd, 4th and 5th officials from left, in register II.
Upper part of 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th officials from left, in register II.
Upper part of 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th officials from left, in register II.
Head of Amenophis III.
Cartouches of Amenophis III.
Sphinx slaying captive on arm of throne, and upper part of captives on side.
Passage.
(16) Outer lintel, double scene, Khaemhet before Osiris and Isis, and before Osiris and Nephthys. Jambs, offering texts. Left thickness, remains of text at bottom (replaced). Right thickness, long texts including 'appeal to visitors'.Griffith Institute squeezes 4.36a, 4.36b and 4.37
Osiris and Isis, from left half of outer lintel, and Nephthys, from right half.
Osiris, from left half of outer lintel.
Khaemhet, from right half of outer lintel.
Part of five columns of text from right thickness.
Middle part of columns 2-6 of text on right thickness.
Bottom part of columns 2-6 of text on right thickness.
Top part of columns 2-6 of text on right thickness.
Griffith Institute squeezes 1.11a, 1.11b, 4.38, 4.38a and 4.39
Upper part of Khaemhet.
Griffith Institute squeeze 4.48
Eight columns of cryptographic text.
Men with funeral outfit, from register I or II.
'Nine friends' and male mourners in register II.
Female mourners and part of boat scene, in register III.
Western goddess with cryptographic text behind her, from register I.
Heads of Osiris and Western goddess.
Upper part of Osiris and Western goddess.
Insignia held by Osiris.
Upper part of Western goddess.
Head of Western goddess.
Men in booths, offering bearers and rowers (below Osiris and Western goddess).
Griffith Institute squeeze 4.57
Priest pouring libation, from top row.
2nd priest from bottom.
Griffith Institute squeezes 1.15, 4.58 and 4.58a
Upper part of Khaemhet.
Man ploughing with oxen, and another sowing, from Fields of Iaru.
Two men before squatting deities.
Part of text of Book of the Dead, columns 3-11.
Priest with female mourners, from sub-scene.
Upper part of priest libating.
Khaemhet and wife(?) in 2nd boat from right in sub-scene.
Empty chair with bouquets, from centre of sub-scene.
Inner Room.
(23) Outer lintel, double scene, Khaemhet kneeling, with part of Book of the Dead, adores souls of Pe and of Nekhen. Left jamb, Khaemhet 'entering Ro-setau'. Left thickness, [Khaemhet] adoring.Griffith Institute squeeze 4.54
Upper part of Khaemhet adoring, and text above him.
Griffith Institute squeeze 4.66
Gazelle and oryx, from bottom of left wall of niche.
Offerings, from right wall of niche.
Griffith Institute squeeze 1.13
Upper part of Khaemhet.
(27) Khaemhet adoring (the statues at (28)).
Griffith Institute squeezes 1.14 and 4.68D
Upper part of Khaemhet.
Offerings.
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