The Book of Am-Tuat Chapter VIII - The Eighth Division Of The Tuat Which Is Called Tebat-neteru-s

THE scene that illustrates the EIGHTH DIVISION Of the Tuat, which is passed through by the Sun-god during the EIGHTH HOUR of the night, is introduced by four lines of text which read:

"The Majesty of this great god taketh up its place in the Circles of the hidden gods who are on their sand, and he addresseth to them words in his boat whilst the gods tow him along through this City by means of the magical powers of the serpent MEHEN.
The name of the gate of this City is AHA-AN-URT-NEF.
The name of this City is TEBAT-NETERU-S.
The name of the Hour of the night which guideth this great god is NEBT-USHA."

The Circles of this Division are thus described:

"The hidden Circles of Ament which are passed through by the great god, his boat being towed along by the gods who dwell in the Tuat; let them be made according to the figures [which are depicted] on the north of the hidden palace in the Tuat.
Whosoever knoweth them by their names shall be the possessor of swathings upon earth,
and he shall not be repulsed at the hidden gates,
and he shall have offerings in very great abundance regularly and perpetually."

In the middle register are:
Image right 1: The Boat of Af, the dead Sun-god, in the Eighth Hour.
Image right 3: Servants of the god Ra.
Image right 4: (Left) Servants of the god Ra. (Right) First form of Tathenen.
Image right 5: (Left) Second form of Tathenen. (Center) Third form of Tathenen. (Right) Fourth form of Tathenen.
Image right 6: The Circle Sesheta.
1. The boat of the sun, in which the god stands under a canopy formed by the body of the serpent Mehen, being towed along by nine gods.
His passage is thus described:

"This god maketh his way into this City, being towed along by the gods of the Tuat, in his hidden form of MEHEN.
This god sendeth forth a cry to the regions of every Circle of this City, and also to the gods who are therein, and it is the voice of them which this god heareth after he hath sent forth a cry to them.
The figures of their bodies remain always with their dead bodies which are under their sand, and their gates open to the voice of this god each day, and then they hide themselves after he hath passed by them.
Their work in the Tuat is to tow Ra along over the ways of this City, and they rise up after they have towed him along into this Hall, and they say unto him:
O thou god, come thou to thine hidden image,
O our god, and to all the sepulchres of KHENTI-AMENTI,
unite thyself strongly to it,
and mayest thou be entreated to lighten the darkness
of those who are on their sands.
We beseech thee to come and to unite thyself,
O Ra, to those who tow thee along."

The eight gods who tow along the boat of Ra are thus described:

"These are the gods of the Tuat who tow alone, Ra in the place where the gods have their sepulchres (TEBAT-NETERU-SET), and he is [acclaimed] by those who are in this City.
The images secret of TATHENEN, Of Horus (?), [and of] the gods are with them."

2. Nine large objects somewhat in the form of the hieroglyphic shems, which has the meaning of "follower" or "servant"; unlike this sign, however, each of the nine objects is provided with a huge knife, and from the curved end of each is suspended a human head. M. Maspero is undoubtedly correct in describing these as the servants of the god.
The names of the nine servants are:

1. HETEP-TA.
2. AMEN.
3. SESHETA-BAIU (?).
4. SEKHEN-KHAIBIT.
5. NEB-ER-TCHER.
6. MENNU.
7. MATHENU.
8. METRUI.
9. PEREMU (?).

Of these gods it is said:

"Those who are in this picture are those who are on the path along which this god is towed, and they have their swathings before them in the form in which the god himself [had them].
This our great god crieth out unto those who have their life in them, in [their] heads in their forms, and this god crieth out to them by their names.
Their work is [to seize] the enemies of Ra everywhere throughout this City, and then to make their heads to pass under their swords after this god hath passed them by."

3. A ram, having the solar disk between his horns, and the symbol of linen bandages in front of him; he is an image of TATHENEN, of whom he is the "first form."
4. A ram, having the crown of the South between his horns, and the symbol of linen bandages in front of him; he is an image of TATHENEN, of whom he is the "second form."
5. A ram, having the crown of the North between his horns, and the symbol of linen bandages in front of him; he is an image of TATHENEN, of whom he is the "third form."
6. A ram, having the solar disk and a pair of plumes above his horns, and the symbol of linen bandages in front of him; he is an image of TATHENEN, of whom he is the "fourth form."
The text which refers to these reads:

"Those who are in this picture in the Tuat,
with their swathings of linen in front of them,
in the form in which the god himself [had them],
are they to whom he crieth out after he hath come to the place where they are.
And they on their part cry out to this god with their voices which are joyful but hidden,
and this god singeth a song of joy at their voices.
After [this great god] hath passed by them,
and when the darkness of night hath covered them over,
they receive the diadems of Ra,
and the soul of TATHENEN uniteth itself to the earth."

In the upper register are five Circles of the Tuat, and a door, which may be thus described:
Image right 1: The Circle Tuat.
Image right 2: The Circle As-neteru.
Image right 3: The Circle Aakebi.
Image right 4: The Circle Nebt-semu-nifu.
Image right 5: The door Tes-khaibitu-tuatiu.
1. This Circle, which is called SESHETA, is entered through a door with the name of TES-NEB-TERER . . . . ., and in it are seated:

1. The image of TEM, wearing the White Crown.
2. The image of KHEPERA.
3. The image of SHU.

Each of these is seated upon an instrument for weaving.
The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture are [seated] on their instruments for weaving [after the manner] of Horus, the heir, the youthful one.
This god crieth out to their souls after he hath entered into this City of the gods who are on their sand, and there are heard the voices of [those who are] shut in this Circle which are like [the hum] of many bees of honey when their souls cry out to Ra.
The name of this Circle is SESHETA."

2. This Circle, which is called TUAT, is entered through a door with the name of TES-AHA-TATHENEN, and in it are seated:

1. The image of TEFNET.
2. The image of SEB.
3. The image of NUT.

Each of these is seated upon an instrument for weaving. The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture are [seated] upon their instruments for weaving, which are set firmly on their sand, according to the mystery which Horus made.
This god crieth out to their souls in whatsoever regions they are, and there are heard the voices of [those who are] shut in this Circle which are like the sound of the swathed ones [when] their souls cry out to Ra.
The name of this Circle is TUAT."

3. This Circle, which is called AS-NETERU, is entered through a door with the name of TES-AKHEM-BAIU, and in it are seated:

1. The image of OSIRIS.
2. The image of ISIS.
3. The image of HORUS, hawk-headed.

Each of these is seated as before.
The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture are [seated] upon their instruments for weaving, which are set firmly on their sand, according to the mystery which Horns made.
This god crieth out to their souls in whatsoever regions they are, and there is heard the sound of the voices of [those who are] shut in this Circle, which is like unto the sound of men who lament when their souls cry out to Ra.
The name of this Circle is AS-NETERU."

4. This Circle, which is called AAKEBI, is entered through a door with the name of TES-SHETA-THEHEN-NETERU, and in it are seated

1. The image of KA-AMENTET, bull-headed.
2. The image of BA-NETERU, ram-headed.
3. The image of REM-NETERU, ram-headed.

Each of these is seated as before.
The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture are [seated] upon their instruments for weaving, which are set firmly on their sand, according to the mystery which Horns made.
This god crieth out to their souls in whatsoever regions they are, and there is heard the sound of the voices of those who are shut in this Circle, which is like unto the sounds of bulls and of other male animals when their souls cry out to Ra.
The name of this Circle is AAKEBI."

5. This Circle, which is called NEBT-SEMU-NIFU, is entered through a door having the name of TENS-SMA-KEKIU, and in it are seated:

1. The image of KHATRI, ichneumon-headed.
2. The image of AFFI, animal-headed.
3. The image of ARI-ANB-FI, cynocephalus-headed.

Each of these gods is seated as before.
The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture are [seated] upon their instruments for weaving, which are set firmly on their sand, according to the mystery which Horus made.
This god crieth out to their souls in whatsoever regions they are, and there is heard the sound of the voices of those who are shut ill this Circle, which is like unto the sound of those who make supplication through terror when their souls cry out to Ra.
The name of this Circle is NEBT-SEMU-NIFU."

6. An open door, called TES-KHAIBITU-TUATIU, beyond which is a goddess.

In the lower register are also five Circles, and an open door, which may be thus described:
Image right 1: The Circle Hetepet-neb-s.
Image right 2: The Circle Hetemet-khemiu.
Image right 3: The Circle Hap-semu-s.
Image right 4: The Circle Sehert-baiu-s.
Image right 5: The Circle Aat-setekau.
Image right 6: The door Tes-amem-mit-em-sheta-f.

1. This Circle, which is called HETEPET-NEB-S, is entered through a door having the name of TET-SEM-ERMEN-TA, in it are:--

1. A goddess standing upright, called AMEM (?).
2. The serpent MEHEN-TA.
3. Three arrows lying on the top of these are the "arrows of Ra."
4. A rain-headed god, seated on (instruments for weaving); his name is NEB-REKHIT.

The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture are [seated] upon their instruments for weaving, [which are set firmly on their sand], according to the mystery which Horus, the heir, the young [god] made.
This great god crieth out to their souls after he hath entered into this City of the gods who are upon their sand, and when this god crieth out to them in the two ATERTI there is heard the sound of those who are shut in this Circle, which is like unto the voices of male cats when they cry out and their souls cry out to RA.
The name of this Circle is HETEPET-NEB-S."

2. This Circle, which is called HETEMET-KHEMIU, is entered through a door having the name TES-RA-KHEFTIU-F, in it are:--

1. NUT, bearded and man-headed.
2. TA, bearded and man-headed.
3. SEBEQ-HRA, crocodile-headed.

The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture are [seated] upon their instruments for weaving, which are set firmly on their sand, according to the mystery which Horus made.
This god crieth out to their souls, in whatsoever regions they are in the two Aterti, and there is heard the sound of the voices of those who are shut in this Circle which is like unto the sound of the confused murmur of the living when their souls cry out to Ra.
The name of this Circle is HETEMET-KHEMIU."

3. This Circle, which is called HAP-SEMU-S, is entered through a door having the name of TES-SEKHEM-ARU, in it are four mummied gods, each with an instrument for weaving in front of him, and their names are:--

1. HEBSET.
2. SENKET.
3. TEBAT.
4. TEMTET.

The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture have their instruments for weaving before them, and they are set firmly on their sand, according to the mystery which Horus made.
This god crieth out to their souls, in whatsoever regions they are in the two ATERTI, and there is heard the sound of the voices of those who are shut in this Circle, which is like unto the sound of the voices of those who go down to the battle-field of Nu when their souls cry out to Ra.
The name of this Circle is HAP-SEMU-S."

4. This Circle, which is called SEHERT-BAIU-S, is entered through a door having the name of TES-SEPT-NESUT, in it are four mummied gods, each with an instrument for weaving in front of him, and their names are:--

1. KEKU.
2. MENHI.
3. TCHER-KHU.
4. KHEBS-TA.

The text reads: "Those who are in this picture have their instruments of weaving before them, and they are set firmly on their sand, according to the mystery which Horns made.
This god crieth out to their souls in whatsoever regions they are in the two ATERTI, and there is heard the sound of voices of those who are shut in this Circle, which is like unto the sound of the cry of the Divine Hawk of Horns when their souls cry out to Ra.
The name of this Circle is SEHERT-BAIU-S."

5. This Circle, which is called AAT-SETEKAU, is entered through a door having the name of TES-KHU; in it are four uraei, each of which rests upon its instrument for weaving, and their names are:--

1. AARET-ANKH.
2. RERIT-ANKH.
3. NESERT-ANKHET.
4. SEPTAT-ANKH.

The text reads:

"Those who are in this picture are [seated] on their instruments of weaving, and they are set firmly on their sand.
This god crieth out to them in whatsoever regions they are, and they shed light by means of their radiance [which cometh] from the depth of their mouths, but they do not come forth from their Circle, and there is heard the sound of the voices of those who are shut in this Circle which is like unto the twittering of the whole of the birds of a nest of water-fowl when they cry out to Ra.
The. name of this Circle is AAT-SETEKAU."

6. A door called TES-AMEM-MIT-EM-SHETA-F. Beyond it is a figure of the god Nu, who appears to be over the "chamber of destruction."

The Book of Am-Tuat Chapter VII - The Seventh Division Of The Tuat Which Is Called Thephet-asar

THE scene that illustrates the SEVENTH DIVISION of the Tuat, which is passed through by the Sun-god during the SEVENTH HOUR of the Right, is introduced by three lines of text, which read:

"The Majesty of this great god taketh up his abode in the Hall of Osiris, and the Majesty of this god addresseth words to the Hall of the gods who dwell therein.
This god performeth all the rites proper [for entering] this Hall, and he advanceth on his way against Apep by means of the words of power of Isis, and by means of the words of power of the Sovereign God.
The name of the gate of this City wherethrough passeth this god is RUTI-ASAR.
The name of this City is THEPHET-SHETA.
The name of the hour of the night which guideth this great god into it is KHEFTES-HAU-HESQET-[NEHA]-HRA."

In the middle register are:
Image right 1: The serpent Neha-hra being fettered by Serqet and Her-tesu-f.
Image right 2: 1, Temtith. 2, Tenith. 3, Nakith. 4, Hetemtit.
Image right 3: (Left) The coffer of Tem. (Right) The coffer of Khepera.
Image right 4: (Left) The coffer of RA. (Right) The coffer of Osiris.
Image right 5: (Left) Neb-Uast. (Right) Seth-ab (?).

1. The boat of Ra, who stands under a canopy formed by the body of the serpent MEHEN; the god is ram-headed and wears a disk on his head, and his name AFU is written twice near him. In front of him stand HEKA-SER and SA, and ISIS, who has both arms stretched out before her, and is reciting the words of power which shall make the boat to advance.
Behind the god stand HERU-HEKEN, KA-SHU, NEHES, HU, and the "protector of the boat."
Above the boat is written:

"This great god journeyeth in this City in the path of the Circle of SAR (Osiris) by means of the utterances of the words of power of Isis and of the words of power of SER, so that he may journey on his way against NEHA-HRA.
If these words of power of Isis, and those of SER be uttered, APEP shall be turned back and shall be shut up in Ament, in the hidden place of the Tuat; if they be uttered on the earth it shall be so likewise.
Whosoever shall utter them shall become one of those who are in the boat of Ra, both in heaven and upon earth; but whosoever knoweth not these figures shall not know how to repulse NEHA-HRA."

2. The serpent NEHA-HRA, which is transfixed to the ground by means of six knives. The goddess SERQET stands with a band round his neck in the act of strangling him, and the god HER-TESU-F stands by his tail, round which he is tying a fetter. The text which refers to him reads:

"He who is in this picture is Apep, and he surroundeth his country, which is in the Tuat; TCHAU is the name of this district, which is four hundred and forty cubits in length, and four hundred and forty cubits in breadth, and his voice guideth the gods to him.
He who is with (?) him after this great god hath made his passage through this City, halteth (?) with AFU, opposite to the country whereover he would make a way; behold, SERQET is at the head [of Apep], and HER-TESU-F placeth his deadly fetter about his feet after Isis hath taken possession of the words of power of SER of two-fold strength, [and Ra] giveth their it words of power.
Whosoever knoweth it (i.e., this picture and the text) upon earth shall not be one of those of whose water NEHA-HRA drinketh."

3. The goddess HETEMTIT, armed with a knife.
4. The goddess NAKITH, armed with a knife.
5. The goddess TENIT, armed with a knife.
6. The goddess TEMTITH, armed with a knife. These four goddesses guard four rectangular coffers, at the end of each of which is a human head; inside each coffer is a mound of sand, beneath which is buried one of the four forms of Osiris. The first coffer "contains the form of TEM," the second "contains the form of "KHEPERA," the third "contains the form of Ra," and the fourth "contains the form of OSIRIS." The goddesses are described as:

"The goddesses who hack at Apep in the Tuat, who repulse (or, bring to nought) the affairs (or, matters) of the enemies of Ra.
Those who are in this picture, and who hold knives, hack asunder Apep in the Tuat each day."

7-10. The four coffers of Osiris, concerning which it is said: "[These are the] hidden magical figures of the Tuat, the funeral shrines of the hidden heads. [When] those who reached this region [come there, the hidden heads] appear, [and when they have heard the voice of RA] they eat their own forms, after this great god hath passed them by." The line of hieroglyphics above the upper register reads:

"The hidden road of Ament.
The great god maketh his way over it in his holy boat, and he passeth over this road which has no water, and none to tow.
He maketh his way by means of the words of power of Isis, and by means of the words of power of SEMSU (?), and the utterances of this great god himself [act as] magical protectors, and perform the slaughters of APEP in the Tuat, in this Circle in his windings in the sky.
Whosoever shall make [a copy of] these [pictures] according to the similitudes which are in writing at the northern side of the hidden palace in the Tuat they shall act for him that maketh them as magical protectors in heaven and in earth.
Whosoever knoweth them shall be as the SPIRITS with Ra."

11. The god NEB-UAST, standing, and holding a sceptre in his right hand.
12. The goddess SETH-AB (?).

In the upper register are:
Image right 1: (Left) Shepes. (Center) Ath. (Right) Ankhuithit.
Image right 2: (Left) Afu-Asar under the serpent Mehen. (Right) The beheading of the enemies of Osiris.
Image right 3: Anku fettering the foes of Osiris.
Image right 4: (Left) Sa-Tathenen. (Right) The serpent Afu-Tem.
Image right 5: Divine Souls of the Seventh Hour.
1. The god SHEPES, in mummied form, seated, and holding in his right hand some curved object, which resembles a boomerang.
2. The goddess ATH, with the head of a lioness, holding the symbol of "life" in her right hand, and a sceptre in her left.
3. The uraeus ANKHUITHIT, with the head of a woman.
4. A god in human form, seated on a throne, wearing plumes and an uraeus on his head, with "life" in his right hand, and the sceptre in his left; this god is called AFU-ASAR, and he is seated under a canopy which is formed by the body of a monster serpent called ANKH-ARU-TCHEFAU-ANKH-ARU.
The text which refers to the first three gods reads:

"The Majesty of this great and holy god saith,
Grant thou me to come forth on the path by thy spittle(?)
and by [thy] throat and let me utter the word which is maat to Ankhit,
and let me open thy fold, for I have come to illumine the darkness,
and to embrace him that is in Mehen."

The text which refers to AFU-ASAR reads:

"This god saith unto Osiris,
who dwelleth in the serpent MEHEN,
Hail, Osiris, Governor of the Tuat,
thou lord of life,
thou ruler of Amentet,
thou shalt live, live thou life,
thou hast magical power,
and shalt prevail by magical power in [this] land.
Thou dost exalt those who are in thy following on their arrival before thee.
Thine enemies are beneath thy feet,
thou hast gained the mastery over those who have worked against thee.
The flames [of fire] are against them,
he burneth them up with his blazing knife which is over them,
he hacketh them in pieces and choppeth them up with his slaughtering knife,
and he reckoneth up his members each day.
O let me pass over thee in peace."

5. Three headless figures, kneeling, with their arms tied behind their backs; these represent the enemies of Osiris. Behind these stands a fierce cat-headed (or, lynx-headed) god, who holds a huge pointed stake in one hand, and flourishes a large knife in the other.
6. Three foes of Osiris lying on their backs; round the right arm of each a rope is tied, and the other ends of the three ropes are in the hands of a god called ANKU.
The passage which refers to these reads:

"The Majesty of this god saith:
O ye spirits who are hostile to Osiris,
who have rebelled against the Governor of the Tuat,
your hands and arms are fettered,
and [ye] are tied tightly with bonds,
and your souls are kept under ward,
and your shades are hacked in pieces,
ANKU hath drawn the cords about you so tightly that ye shall never be able to escape from his restraint."

7. Three bearded, human-faced hawks, wearing on their heads the double crown of the South and North; the first is called SA-TATHENEN, the name of the second is wanting, and the third is called MAM (?), or MAAT.
8. A huge serpent, which bears on its back a god in a sitting posture; the god is called AFU-TEM, and the remains of the text which refers to him say that he shoots forth his flame at those who rebel against Osiris, and that he eats the souls of the enemies of the god.

In the lower register are:
Image right 1: Heru-her-khent-f.
Image right 2: Ur-kert. Kekhert. Neb-khert-ta. Tuati. Hiat. Hi-khu-. . . .
Image right 3: Emta-a. Teser-a. Emma-a. Sem-nes-f. Tesem-em-maat-f. Seqer-tepu.
Image right 4-6: Goddesses of the Hours.
Image right 7: The crocodile Ab-sha-am-Tuat.

1. The god HERU-HER-KHENT-F, seated on a throne, as his name implies. He is hawk-headed, and wears the solar disk encircled by a serpent; in his right hand is the symbol of life, and in his left a sceptre. The other forms of his name are ### and ###.
Of this god it is said:

"The work of this figure who is in this picture is in the Tuat, and it is for him to send the stars on their way, and to make the hours to go on their way in the Tuat."

The stars are personified by gods, twelve in number, who stand each with a star on his head.
Their names are:

1. UR-KERT.
2. KEKHERT (?).
3. NEB-KHERT-TA.
4. TUATI.
5. HIAT.
6. HI-KHU-. . . ..
7. EMTA-A.
8. TESER-A.
9. EMMA-A.
10. SEM-NES-F.
11. TESEM-EM-MAAT-F.
12. SEQER-TEPU.

The text relating to these gods reads:

"The Majesty of Horus of the Tuat saith unto the starry gods:
O ye who are maat in your flesh,
whose magical powers have come into being for you,
who are united unto your stars
and who yourselves rise up for Ra in the horizon which is in the Tuat each day,
O be ye in his following,
and let your stars guide his two hands so that he may journey through the Beautiful Ament in peace.
And, O ye gods who stand up,
who dwell in our land,
light up ye your stars in the sky so that [I] may unite [myself] with the master of the horizon."

2. The Twelve Goddesses of the Hours, who face to the right, having each a star on her head.
Their names are:

1. HEKENNUTHETH.
2. NEBT-EN-. . . .
3. NEBT-NEBT.
4. TUATHETH.
5. AMENTET-ERMEN.
6. [Name erased.]
7. ANITH.
8. AUNITH.
9. TAIT.
10. ARIT-KHU.
11. ARIT-ARU.
12. UAAT-TESTES.

The text relating to the goddesses of the hours reads:

"The Majesty of Heru-Tuati saith unto the Hours who are in this City:--
O ye Hours who have the power of coming into being,
O ye Hours who are endowed with stars,
O ye Hours who avenge Ra,
fight ye on behalf of Him that is on the horizon, and take ye your forms (or, attributes),
and carry ye your symbols, and lift ye up your heads and guide this [god] Ra,
who is on the horizon,
into the beautiful Amentet in peace."

The text goes on to say:

"Behold the gods and goddesses who guide this great god along the hidden way of this City."

3. In front of the Hours is an enormous crocodile called AB-SHA-AM-TUAT, which is described as "Osiris, the Eye of Ra." The crocodile stands upon a long funeral mound, out of the end of which, immediately under the head of the animal, appears a bearded human head, i.e., "the head of Osiris."
Of the crocodile the text says:

"He who is in this picture is AB-SHAU, and he is the warden of the symbols of this city.
When he heareth the voice [of the boat of] Ra which is addressed to the Eye which is in his cheek (?), the head which is in his dominion maketh its appearance, and then it eateth its own form after this great god hath passed it by.
Whosoever knoweth this [picture] AB-SHAU shall not devour his soul."

The Book of Am-Tuat Chapter VI - The Sixth Division Of The Tuat Which Is Called Metchet-mu-nebt-tuat

IN the scene which illustrates the SIXTH DIVISION Of the Tuat, which is passed through by the Sun-god during the SIXTH HOUR of the night, we see, in the middle register, the dead Sun-god AFU-RA once again standing in his boat, under the canopy, accompanied by his usual company of gods. He is no longer in the serpent boat wherein he passed through the domain of Sekri, and he is no longer being towed along.

In front of the boat are:
Image right: (Left) The goddess Ament-semu-set. (Right) Thoth of the Tuat.
1. The god Thoth, in the form of a man with the head of a cynocephalus ape, seated on a throne, and bearing the name TEHUTI-KHENTI-NEB-TUAT.
2. A female figure, with her hands turned behind her, holding in each the pupil of an eye of Horus or Ra; she is called AMENT-SEMU-SET.
The text above the boat reads:

"This great god travelleth through this city, being provided with [his] boat, on the water; be worketh the paddle in this country towards the place of the body of Osiris." . . .
"The Majesty of this great god [speaketh to] the gods who are in this country when he arriveth at these houses which are hidden, and which contain the image of Osiris. This god crieth [to the hidden forms which are in them, and they hearken to the voice of this god, and then he passeth them by."

Image right 1: The Four Kings of the South.
Image right 2: The Four Heteptiu gods.
Image right 3: The Four Kings of the North.
Image right 4: The Four "Spirits."

In the abode of Osiris are sixteen gods in mummied forms.
The first four are bearded, and wear the menat and the White Crown, and each is described by the title suten, i.e., "King of the South."
The second four are bearded, and are described as HETEPTIU,
The third four are bearded, and wear the menat and the Red Crown, and each is described by the title bat,
and the fourth four are bearded, and are called KHU, i.e., "Spirits."
Immediately in front of these gods is an enormous serpent with five heads, which is called ASH-HRAU, i.e., the "Many-faced."
The body of this serpent is bent round to form an oval, and within it lies on his back the god AFU, who is holding upon his head a beetle, which is the symbol of the god KHEPERA.
The text written above reads:
Image right: The Serpent Ash-hrau.

Saith the Majesty of this great god to the kings of the South, to the HETEPTIU, to the kings of the North, and to the Spirits who are in this City:

"May your royal state and condition be with you,
may ye receive your White Crowns,
and ye HETEPTIU [may ye receive] your offerings,
and ye kings of the North may ye receive your Red Crowns,
and ye SPIRITS may ye receive your appointed rites;
may your offerings be unto you,
and may ye be in peace.
May ye have power over your souls,
may ye be adored(?),
may ye have sovereignty over your city,
may ye have peace in your fields,
may ye join yourselves to (i.e., attain to) your secret things with your crowns (?),
may your appointed rites be paid to you,
may your sacrifices of propitiation be made to you,
and give to the gods their mouth.
Avenge ye me in [this] land,
and hack in pieces the serpent Apep,
O ye kings of the South,
ye Heteptiu,
ye kings of the North,
and ye Spirits,
who dwell in [this] land."

Those who are in this picture stand up in their places, and they hear the voice of the great god, the lord of the dead body, that is to say, KHEPERA in his own flesh . . . . . . in the act of guarding.
Of the Serpent of Many Faces it is said,

"Of him who is in this picture, with his tail in his mouth, his work is to rise up with this image, to journey to the West in his form, and to travel to every place of the Tuat.
Through the voice of Ra it is that the figures who are in him advance."

The text which runs in the border above the upper register reads:

"[This is] the hidden path of Amentet, on the water of which is transported this great god in his boat to arrange the lots (or, plans) of those who are in the Tuat.
If their names be uttered, if their bodies be known, if their true forms and the knowledge of their hours be known, and the qualities of this secret figure of the Tuat (which are unknowable), by any man whatsoever:
or if an exact representation in drawing be made of what is in the Hidden Place (Ament) of the Tuat, which is to the south of the Ât of Amentet: whosoever knoweth this thing shall be one who is fully provided with food in the Tuat, and he shall partake in the offerings which are made to the gods who are in the following of Osiris, and he shall have (i.e., receive) the offerings which all his kinsfolk are in duty bound to make to him upon earth."

In the upper register are:
Image right 1: (Left) Asar-am-ab-neteru. (Center) Asth-mehit. (Right) Hetep-khenti-Tuat.
Image right 2: 1, Henbethem. 2, Maa ab-khenti-ahet-f. 3, Benti-ar-ahet-f. 4, Heru-khenti-ahet-f.
Image right 3: (Left) Three Sceptres of the White Crown. (Center) . . . . . . .  (Right) Thehbith.
Image right 4: (Left) Three Sceptres of the uraei. (Right)Three Sceptres of the Red Crown.
Image right 5: 1, Thath-neteru. 2, Hetchefu. 3, Isis-Thaith. 4, Ka-hemhemet.
Image right 6: (Left) Het-temtet-Ra. (Center) Het-stau-kher-aha. (Right) Het-tuau-Ra.
A company of nine gods and goddesses, all of whom are represented as seated, but their seats of state or thrones are invisible; they may be thus enumerated:
1. The god HETEP-KHENTI-TUAT, in the form of a mummy; his hands project from his bandages, and on his head he has symbols of meat and drink.
2. The goddess ASTH-MEHIT, Or AST-AMHIT, with the Crown of the North on her head. The name means "Isis in the North."
3. The god ASAR-AM-AB-NETERU, i.e., "Osiris in the heart of the gods."
4. The god HERU-KHENTI-AHET-F, i.e., "Horus at the head of his field," hawk-headed, with his hands projecting from his bandages.
5. The god BENTI-AR-AHET-F, or ape-headed, with his hands projecting from his bandages.
6. The god MAA-AB-KHENTI-AHET-F, wearing the White Crown and menat, and with his hands projecting from his bandages.
7-9. Three goddesses, the first two of whom are called HENBETHEM and THEHBITH.
The text which refers to this company of the gods reads:

"Saith the Majesty of this great god to the gods who are over this Field:
O ye gods who dwell in the Tuat,
ye Heteptiu who keep ward over your masters,
ye unto whom offerings are made from the offerings of your fields of offerings,
whereon ye take your rest each day,
unite ye yourselves to the provisions which are mine.
Ye are the lords of [your] hands,
ye have right [to direct] [your] feet,
ye are exalted in your forms,
ye are great in your transformations,
ye have power over what ye produce,
ye have power over what ye have possession of,
ye have possession of that over which ye have power,
ye have power over that over which ye have possession,
ye have possession of that over which ye have dominion,
protect ye Osiris from those who would act with violence and wrong against him.
The work of these gods in the Tuat is to give offerings to the gods of the Tuat,
who are masters of their offerings and of the food which proceedeth forth from the mouth of this great god."

10. Three sceptres of the form , each surmounted by the WHITE CROWN; from the base of each projects a knife.
11. Three sceptres of similar form, each surmounted by the RED CROWN; from the base of each projects a knife.
12. Three sceptres, of similar form, each surmounted by a uraeus; from the base of each projects a knife.
The text which refers to these reads:

"Saith the Majesty of this great god to the Majesties of the kings of the South and North who dwell in the Tuat:
Reap ye, O ye who wear the White Crowns,
and ye who wear the Red Crowns like Souls [who are in] their lands.
Ye who belong to the Tuat produce your own offerings therein.
Make ye to be Maat your sceptres (?), let your souls live,
and let your throats have food to swallow,
and ye shall come into being upon the land . . . . . .
Their souls shall rise up in the Tuat on their sceptres (?),
they are provided with knives,
and no violence shall be done to them . . . . . goddess . . . . ."

13. The lion KA-HEMHEMET, couchant, and facing the two companies of the gods described above. Above his back are the two Utchats, between which is the sign .
14. A form of the goddess Isis, in a sitting position, but without a throne.
15. The god HETCHEFU.
16. The god THATH-NETERU, in mummied form, holding a sceptre in one hand and a knife in the other.
17. A chamber, with an opening under the roof, through which a snake, which stands on its tail outside it, belches fire; under a vaulted covering is an "image," of Ra, in the form of the hind-quarters of a lion. The chamber is called HET-TUAU-RA.
18. A similar chamber, with an "image" of RA in the form of a hawk's wing; the name of the chamber is HET-STAU-KHER-AHA.
19. A similar chamber, with an "image" of RA in the form of a human head; the name of the chamber is HET-TEMTET-RA. The texts read:

In the lower register are:
Image right 1: 1, Hem. 2, Ahi. 3, [Em-nu-ur.] 4, Henti.
Image right 2: 1, Netchti. 2, Met-hra. 3, Ankh-hra. 4, Netch-atef.
Image right 3: 1, Sehith. 2, Hemt. 3, Henhenith. 4, Antheth.
Image right 4: The Serpent Am-khu and the heads of the Four Children of Horus.
Image right 5: 1, Urt. 2, Ann-ret. 3, Meni. 4, Kai.
Image right 6: The serpents of a company of gods.

1. The god HENTI (?), crocodile-headed, and in a seated position, but without a throne.
2. The god EM-NU-UR, crocodile-headed, or ape-headed.
3. The god AHI.
4. The god HEM.
5. The god NETCH-ATEF.
6. The god ANKH-HRA.
7. The god MET-HRA.
8. The god NETCHTI.
9-12. Four goddesses, each in a seated position, but without a throne; the first is called ANTHETH, the second HENHENITH, the third HEMT, and the fourth SEHITH.
The text which refers to these reads:

"The Majesty of this great god saith unto these gods:
O ye gods who dwell in the Tuat,
and who are in the following of the lord of the beings who are in the Tuat,
who stand up and sit down in Nu,
who dwell in your Field,
O ye gods who send forth light,
and who make to stand up your bodies,
and O ye goddesses who sit down in the following of the SCARAB in the place where are his bodies in the Tuat,
O ye who live on your . . . . . .,
whose hearts live on their food,
who send forth light in the darkness which surroundeth you,
who have the mastery over your Red Crowns,
who partake in content of the offerings made to you,
let them travel in my following,
let my soul be with me,
let me rest (or, unite myself) to my bodies,
and let me pass by you in peace.
These gods hear the voice of Ra every day,
and they have their life through his voice.
The work which they have to do in the Tuat is to convey along souls,
and to accompany the shades of the dead,
and to make provisions for spirits,
[and to find for them] water."

13. The monster serpent AM-KHU, with his head raised from the ground, and the symbol of "life" under his head. Out of the crest of each of the four undulations of his body springs a bearded head, and the four heads are those of the children of Horus--MESTHA, HAPI, TUAMUTEF, and QEBH-SENNU-F, The text which refers to the serpent reads: "This serpent is himself invisible to this great god, but these forms (i.e., the heads of the four children of Horus) have their being in his folds, and they hear the voice of this great god every day. The work which he doeth in the Tuat is to devour the shades of the dead, and to eat up the spirits of the enemies [of Ra], and to overthrow [those who are hostile to him] in the Tuat."
14. The god KAI.
15. The god MENI.
16. The god ANN-RET.
17. The god URT. Each of these four gods is in a sitting position, but has no throne whereon to sit.
18. A company of nine serpents, each of which belches fire from its mouth and is armed with a huge knife; only the heads and upper parts of the bodies of these serpents are visible.
Their names are

1. TA-THENEN,
2. TEM,
3. KHEPERA,
4. SHU,
5. SEB,
6. ASAR,
7. HERU,
8. APU,
9. and HETEPIU.

The text which refers to the four gods and the nine serpents reads:

"Saith the Majesty of this great god to these gods:

O ye who make yourselves to be standing up although ye are seated,
ye who are in motion although ye are at rest,
ye whose souls come into being, ye who are united to your shades,
who lift up your feet and who move onwards by your thighs,
unite ye yourselves to your flesh,
and let not your members be fettered.
They have their life through the voice of this great god every day,
and the work which they do is to watch the two comings of the god Khuti."

Concerning the nine serpents it is said:

"The Majesty of this great god speaketh words to these male gods who are at the head of this city:
"Hail, O nine forms of the divine spirits,
whose faces are of flames,
who are provided with your knives,
burn ye up the enemies of Khepera,
hack in pieces their shades,
for ye are the warders of the Hidden Flesh,
which is made of Nu,
your habitation,
for it is ye who dwell in the Water of TA-THENEN,
and it is for you that the magical powers of Khepera come into being.
They have their means of living from the word of Ra every day.
The work which they do in the Tuat is to hack asunder the dead,
and to cause the spirits to be destroyed."

The Book of Am-Tuat Chapter V - The Fifth Division Of The Tuat Which Is Called Ament

The Kingdom of Seker.
IN the scene that illustrates the FIFTH Division of the Tuat, which is passed through by the Sun-god during the FIFTH HOUR Of the night, we see the boat of the sun being drawn along by seven gods and seven goddesses (see pp. 91, 95, 99, 103, 107). The legend over the seven gods is partly broken away, but what remains of it proves that it must have been similar in meaning to that which is over the heads of the goddesses, which reads,

"These are the goddesses which tow RA along in the Tuat over this Circle, and they make this great god to advance so that he may rest in NU in the Tuat."

In front of the seven goddesses march four gods, who appear to be under the guidance of "Isis of Amentet," and who are described as the "great sovereign chiefs who provide food in this Circle,"
The first god is called HER-KHU, and holds a staff in his hand;
the second is AN-HETEP, and holds the sceptre in his hand;
the third is HERU-HEQUI, is hawk-headed, and holds the crook in his hand;
the fourth is UT-METU, and holds a tree in his left hand.
The text containing the address of the Sun-god to the seven gods is broken away, and all that remains of it reads,

"This great god maketh his journey by means of those who tow him over this Circle in [his] boat."

A portion of the answer of the seven gods to him is also broken away, but what remains of it reads,

"Is opened to thee the earth to such an extent that thou hast passed over the Beautiful Land, and the roads concerning which Ra hath spoken to thee, O Osiris.
Thou criest out, O Ra, to the Land of Seker, and Horus hath life upon his sands. Come to Khepera, O Ra!
Come to Khepera! Work ye with the cord, O ye who make Khepera to advance, so that it may give the hand (i.e., help) to Ra whilst he passeth over the hidden ways of Ra, in the horizon.
[Come] in peace, in peace, O Ra of the Beautiful Ament".

In the middle of the scene we see that the ground rises (see p. 103) and forms a kind of hollow mound, the highest point of which terminates in the head of a woman, which faces to the right; immediately above her head is a scarab which is in the act of descending, but only one half of its body is visible. Concerning the beetle it is said,

"Behold Khepera who, immediately the [boat of Ra] is towed to the top of this Circle, unites himself to the roads of the Tuat; when this god standeth on the head of the goddess he speaketh words to Seker every day."

The short lines of text just above the mound read:
The majesty of this great god journeyeth on by being towed along, and these goddesses receive him, words which are addressed to the god by the goddesses are,

"Come, O Ra, in the peace of the Tuat! Let Ra advance on the road in the boat which is in the earth, in his own body, and let his enemies be destroyed. [The goddess] Ament crieth (?) to thee, O Ra, so that thou mayest join her, and mayest go forwards in the sky as the GREAT ONE who is in the horizon, and mayest be towed along by those who tow thee, and, verily, mayest destroy all thine enemies,"

this address Ra replies, saying,

"O ye who have received your weapons,
O ye who have grasped your sceptres,
O ye who shake your spears,
O ye who stand by your tchefau food,
who sit down to your offerings,
who are the warders of food and bread and are the lords of the provisions in Ament,
Isis giveth herself unto you,
and Ament joineth herself unto you,
so that I may stand up by you for your protection when I pass by you in peace,"

The "Land of Sekri," which is mentioned by the seven gods who are towing the boat of Ra, lies immediately below the mound of earth, and forms, as it were, an oval island in the river of the Tuat; its shape is, as M. Maspero has said, an elongated ellipse, , and it is formed wholly of sand. The "Land of Sekri" is described in the legend which is written at each end of the oval as

"The horizon (?) of the hidden country of Sekri, which guardeth the hidden body (or, flesh),"

This mysterious oval is supposed to rest upon the bodies of two man-headed lion sphinxes set tail to tail; of these, however, only the heads and fore quarters appear, one at each end of the oval. Each sphinx is called AF, and he is said

"to have his existence from the voice of the great god,"

and

"his work is to keep ward over his image."

Within the oval already described is stretched out at almost full length on the ground a monster serpent (see pp. 99, 103), which has two snakes' heads at one end of his body, and a bearded human head at the other (see 99); the text above his snakes' heads is mutilated, and all that can be made out satisfactorily are the words neter aa, "great god."
From the middle of his body springs a pair of wings, and between them, immediately under the female head at the top of the mound, stands the god SEKRI, in the form of a hawk-headed man. Of him it is said,

"His work is to protect his own form,"

and of the serpent,

"he liveth upon the magical protection which issueth from his mouth every day."

The text which refers to the oval reads:
Image right: The Kingdom of Seker.

"The Image which is in this picture is in thick darkness.
The dawn in the horizon which belongs to this god [cometh] from the eyes of the heads of the great god, whose flesh sendeth forth light, and whose legs are bent round, the great god who keepeth ward over the flesh of SEKRI, who is on his sand, his own image.
The voice of this horizon is heard in this hour after this great god hath passed them by, like unto the sound of the roarings which are in the heights of heaven when they are disturbed by a storm."

On the left of the horizon (see p. 95) of SEKRI is the serpent TEPAN,

"who liveth by the voice of the primeval gods of the earth. He cometh forth and he goeth in, and he presenteth the offerings made to this great god every day unseeing [and unseen]."

On the right (see p. 107) of the horizon is the serpent ANKHAA-PAU,

"who liveth upon the flames which issue from his mouth. His work is to protect the horizon, and he never entereth into any house of the Tuat."

Immediately in front of this serpent are four seated gods (see p. 111), of whom the heads of two are turned behind them; they are described as the

"gods who hold the secret forms of SEKRI, who is on his sand."

The first holds on his knees the White Crown, the second the Red Crown, the third the head of the ram of HERU-SHEFSHEFIT, and the fourth the plumes of Shu, or some other god of light and dryness. The legend above them reads,

"Their forms are in the place among them in their own bodies. They follow after this great god unseeing and unseen."

Behind the serpent TEPAN (see pp. 87, 91) are four human bearded heads, each with a mass of fire upon the top of it, which project from the long, narrow lake called NETU, these are called the "Blazing heads," Along the lake are written, in two methods of writing,

"The gods who are in the Ammahet weep when the boat hath passed them by on its way to the . . . . . Tuat . . . . . and the waters which are here are like unto fire to those who are in them."

In the upper register are:
Image right: The Kingdom of Seker.
1. The goddess AMENTIT, standing with her arms stretched out in front of her at right angles to her body, and wearing the feather of Maat on her head (see p. 87).
2. A group of nine large axes (four are broken away), the foremost surmounted by the Crown of the North, and the hindmost by the Crown of the South (see pp. 87, 91). The mutilated speech of the god written above them reads,

"Give me thy hand (i.e., help me) Amentet! Good is this water which leadeth to the tomb [where] rest the gods. Hail, exist ye, O nine gods who have come into being from my flesh, and have not comeinto being from your own forms, and who are firm in respect of your food, I avenge you, do ye avenge me."

3. The god who is the "guardian of those who are submerged," (see pp. 91, 95).
4. The god SATIU (?), (see p. 95).
5. The god ANKH-AB hawk-headed (see p. 95).
6. The god BATH-RESTH (?) crocodile-headed, (see p. 95).
7. The god ANP-HENI, jackal-headed (see p. 99). Of these five gods it is said, "They act as guardians of Tuat, and of those who are submerged in the Tuat, and they [protect] and make to pass on the boat." To these the Sun-god makes an address, which reads,

"This great god saith, O ye who stand by your waters, who keep ward over your lands, who go round about in the pool of those who are submerged in Nu, pilot ye these to the lands of the sea of the Tuat, unto your waters which never dry up, and rise ye up in your lands and let me travel over you in peace.
This great god saith, O ye, lift ye up your weapons to your . . . . . image, and protect ye the foreheads of your maat, and perform ye your work, in order that I may be able to pass by you in peace,"

8. Immediately in front of the god ANP-HENI is an object which looks like a chamber with a rounded roof; but whatever it may be, it is filled with sand, and from the fact that the sign of "night" or "darkness," appears at the top, we may conclude that it represents some form of the dark underworld of Seker. To each side of it a hawk clings by his claws, and from the lower part of it emerges the scarab, which has already been mentioned (see p. 103).
9. A huge serpent, the two heads facing the object described under No. 8. Of him it is said, "He liveth by Ra every day, he travelleth over every place of maat in the Tuat, and it is he who setteth himself in opposition to the scarab." To this serpent Ra saith, "Hail, thou serpent TER, whom I myself have fashioned, open thou to me thy folds, open thou thy folds wherewith thou hast doubly sealed the earth to protect me, and march thou against those who are in my following, in order that I may pass by thee in peace."
10. The god BAFERKHEFTIU, ram-headed (see p. 111).
11. The god IU-HER-APTESU, who holds a lasso in each hand (see p. 111).
12. The god AN-AT, wearing a feather of Maat (see p. 111).
13. The god ABUI, with his head turned behind him; he is provided with a shade, (see p. 111).
14. The god AMU, bull-headed (see p. 107).
15. The god SET, bull-headed (see p. 107).
16. The god SENT-NEF-AMENTIU, (see p. 107).
17. The god HETEP-NETERU, (see p. 107).
Of these eight gods it is said,

"They stand by at the annihilation of the dead in the Tuat, and their work is to burn up with fire the bodies of the dead by the flames from their mouths in the course of every day."

18. A goddess, standing upright, with her hands stretched out to the top of the head of a man who is kneeling before her, and is cutting open his head with a hatchet; the goddess is called and lives upon the blood of the dead, and upon that which the gods give. (see p. 113).
Image right 1+2: The Kingdom of Seker.
The text of the speech which the god makes to the eight gods reads:

"The Majesty of this great god saith unto them,
Hail, ye who stand at the blocks of torture,
and who keep ward at the destruction of the dead,
ye whose voices have come into being for you,
who have received your words of power,
who are endowed with your souls,
who sing hymns to the accompaniment of your sistra,
who take vengeance on the enemies,
who annihilate the dead, who hack in pieces shades [of men and women],
who destroy and cut in pieces the dead,
who avenge Osiris and hearken unto words near Unnefer,
provide ye yourselves with your slaughtering knives,
fetter and bind with your hands [this] figure which is with you,
so that I may journey past you in peace.
Whosoever knoweth this shall pass by the goddess in peace."

The entrance into the Sixth Division of the Tuat is made through a door in the lower register, which is guarded by a serpent "who openeth it himself," here, too, appears the large five-rayed star which is the symbol of the planet VENUS, and is described as the

"living god which journeyeth, and journeyeth, and travelleth."

The Book of Am-Tuat Chapter IV - The Fourth Division Of The Tuat Which Is Called Ankhet-kheperu

The Kingdom of Seker.
IN the scene that illustrates the FOURTH DIVISION of the Tuat, which is passed through by the Sun-god during the FOURTH HOUR Of the night, a region which is entirely different from anything seen previously is entered. We see that the general arrangement which makes each Division to contain three sections has been followed, but the actual path of the Boat of the Sun is different. Instead of passing along the middle section as before, the god is obliged to pass over the region of the kingdom of Seker.
The course which was usually passed over by the dead runs from one side of the section to the other diagonally, and it may be thus described:
Starting from the upper side of the topmost division, the corridor, which is called RE-STAU, slants across to the lower side; at the point where it touches the line which divides the first and second section is a door, which is thrown open.
The door is called MATES-SMA-TA. The corridor runs parallel with the line which divides the first and second section for some distance, and is described as the

"road of the secret things of Re-stau; the god doth not pass through the leaves of the door, but they hear his voice."

A sharp bend takes RE-STAU in a slanting direction across the middle section of the scene, and at the bottom of it is another door, which is called METES-MAU-AT, the corridor runs parallel with the line which divides the second and third section for some distance, when it crosses the section, again in a slanting direction, and at the end of it is a third door, which is called METES-EN-NEHEH. In the second slant of the corridor is an inscription which describes it as the road by which entereth the body of SEKER, who is on his sand, the image which is hidden, and is neither seen nor perceived.
As the further course of the corridor will be described under the Fifth Hour we may pass on to consider the Boat of the Sun, and the means by which the god makes his way onward.
Ra and the gods who formed his crew have left the boat in which they travelled until now, and have betaken themselves to one, each end of which terminates in the head of a serpent. This serpent-boat is drawn along by four gods, who are called TUN-EN-MAA, HER-UARFU, AR-NEFERTU, and SHETAI, Above the boat is written,

"[Whilst] this great god journeyeth over those who are in this scene the flames which the mouth of his boat emit guide him through these pools; he seeth not their forms, but he crieth to them and to their places, and they hear his voice."

Image right: The Kingdom of Seker.
In front of those who tow the boat of Ra are:
1. A form of Osiris called EM-ANKHTI, (see p. 71).
2. The crook of Osiris (see p. 75).
3, 4. Thoth, ibis-headed, and Horus, hawk-headed, standing facing each other, with the UTCHAT, above their outstretched hands and arms; the title of Thoth is UTHESU, i.e., "the Raiser," and that of Horus is AU-AU or, "the wide of hands." The Utchat is called SEKRI.
5. The god SETHEN-HAT, wearing the crown of the South.
6. The god HER-TEBAT-F, i.e., "He who is over his place of burial," having in the place of a head two curved objects, which M. Maspero identifies with mummy bandages (see, p. 79).
7. The god UATCH-HRA, i.e., "Green Face" (see p. 79).
8. The god HETEP, who carries the crook of Osiris mentioned above (No. 2) (see p. 79).
9-11. Three gods, each of whom carries an ankh in his left hand, whose names are SEM-ANKH, AN-HER, and UT-MET, (see pp. 79, 83).
12. The goddess NEBT-ANKH, (see p. 80).
The text which refers to these beings reads:

"Those who are in this picture, in their forms of their bodies, are the hidden [travellers] upon the way of the holy country whose secret things are hidden.
They are the guardians of the way of the holy [land] for those who enter into the hidden place of the Tuat, and they keep ward over Anpu in his forms as he tows them along, when he entereth in by them in the holy land."

In the upper register are:
Image right: The Kingdom of Seker.

1. A goddess, wearing the crown of the North, apparently a form of Neith (see p. 63).
2. A serpent, with a human head, and two pairs of human feet and legs (see p. 63).
3-5. Three serpents, which move side by side along the ground "upon their bellies". Of them it is said,

"Those who are in this picture make their passage to every place each day"
(see p. 67).

6. The scorpion ANKHET, and a large uraeus. Of these it is said,

"Those who are in this picture stand in Re-stau at the head of the way [to guard it]."

Behind these stands a god, who appears to be making an offering of two libation vases to the serpent. Of him it is said,

"He who is in this picture is the guide of the holy way"
(see p. 71).

7. A three-headed serpent, with a pair of hawk's wings, and two pairs of human legs, and of him it is said,

"He who is in this picture in the Tuat is the warder of this holy way of Re-stau; he liveth upon the abundance [which cometh] from his wings, his body, [and] his heads.
(see pp. 71, 75).

8. The god AP-TUAT, who holds a sceptre, in his right hand, and stands before the serpent NEHEB-KAU, which has two heads on one end of its body, and one head, instead of a tail, at the other. Of the god AP-TUAT it is said,

"He who is in this picture is in the form which Horus made, and he openeth [the way] for the two gods on this way."

Of the serpent NEHEB-KAU it is said, "He who is in this picture is at his place NET-MU, by the holy way of passage of RE-STAU, and he journeyeth about to every place each day, and he liveth upon the abundance of that which issueth from his mouth," (see pp. 75, 79).
9. A god, who grasps the third head of NEHEB-KAU with his right hand, and a staff with a curled end in the left; facing him is a headless god called AB-TUAT (see pp. 79, 83).
10. A goddess of the South (NEKHEBET) and a goddess of the North. Of the last group of figures it is said,

"Those who are in this picture are in the form wherein Horus hath made them; they are the warders of the serpent NEHEPU, who guide him to the hidden thing which is on this secret way,"
(see p. 83).

In the lower register are:
Image right: The Kingdom of Seker.
1. A large boat, each end of which terminates in the head of a woman; lying along the bottom of the boat is the serpent HETCH-NAU, (see pp. 63, 67). Concerning him it is said,

"He1 who is in this picture . . . . in his boat great, is the [serpent] which guardeth the AHETH chamber; he standeth up at the mouth of the hidden passages of the AHET chamber, and he liveth upon the two voices of the heads of the boat."

Under the neck of this serpent is the emblem "life," (an ankh).
2. A woman called MUTHENITH, standing (see p. 67).
3. A woman called SHATHETH, standing (see p. 67).
4. The divine mummy form BENNI, seated (see p. 71).
5. A lion-headed goddess called HEN-KHERTH (?) (see p. 71).
6. A goddess, with a pair of horns on her head, in a sitting position, but with no throne to sit upon; her name is THEST-APT, (see p. 71). Of these beings it is said,

"Those who are in this picture are in the forms wherein Horus made them, and they stand on the ground of Re-stau in the hidden place . . . . . . . ."

7. The male serpent AMEN, (see pp. 75, 77).
8. The female serpent HEKENT, which has a human head growing out of its body, a little distance from the tip of its tail; the human head faces the serpent AMEN. Of the male serpent it is said,

"He who is in this picture is the guardian of the secret passages which lead to the AHETH chamber; he journeyeth round to every place each day, and he liveth on the words of the gods who guard this road."

The meaning of the legend which refers to the female serpent Hekent is not clear.
9. The three-headed serpent (see p. 79) MENMENUT, which is described as the

"hidden image of the AHETH chamber [of Seker], which is illumined daily at the birth of KHEPERA by that which cometh forth from the faces of [the serpent] MENMENT."

Over the back of this serpent are six stars and fourteen human heads, each of which is surmounted by a disk. These fourteen heads represent, as M. Maspero has well shown, the gods of the first fourteen days of the month, who are being carried by the three-headed serpent to the Utchat, which Thoth and Horus are carrying to it; they appear again in the next Division of the Tuat, where they are seen drawing along the boat of the sun.
10. The winged disk of the god KHEPERA, Beneath stands the "envoy of heaven," with his right hand raised, and his left stretched out, and behind him is the goddess MAAT (see p. 83).

The Book of Am-Tuat Chapter III - The Third Division Of The Tuat Which Is Called Net-neb-ua-kheper-aut

Image right: The Boat of Af, the dead Sun-god, in the Third Hour.
IN the scene which illustrates the THIRD DIVISION of the Tuat, which is passed through by the Sun-god during the THIRD HOUR of the night, we see the boat of the god making its way over the waters of the river in the underworld. The dead Sun-god AF stands within a shrine in the form of a ram-headed man, as before, but there is a change in the composition of the crew, which now consists only of four mariners, two of whom stand before the shrine and two behind, and the goddess of the hour and a hawk-beaded deity, one of the forms of Horus, who is occupied in tying loops of rope to the elongated hawk-headed rowlocks in which the paddles may be worked.
The boat of AF follows in the train of three boats, which may be thus described:
Image right: The Boat which capsizeth.
The foremost boat is called UAA-PENAT, i.e., "The boat which capsizeth"; it contains three hawk-headed forms of the god Horus, and is steered by two male figures, who stand one in the bows and the other at the stern. In the middle of the boat stand the hawk-god BAK, and the hawk-goddess BAKET, and behind them, standing on a snake, is the third form of Horus. Between the front steersman and BAKET is the serpent TEKA-HRA, i.e., "Fiery face," and the aft steersman bears a name of similar meaning, NAB-HRA.
Image right: The Boat of Rest.

The second boat is called UAA-HERER, i.e., "The boat of Rest," and has in the middle an Osiris god in the form of a mummy; each end of the boat terminates in the head of a cynocephalus, and it is steered by two beings, one of whom is called TESEM-HRA-F, i.e., "He whose face is like a knife," and the other KHEN-EN-URT-F, i.e., "The ferryman who resteth not." The Osiris god stands between two gods, one of whom is called AU-MATU, and the serpent which stands on its tail between the steersman in the bows and the first god is called SET-EM-HRA-F.
Image right: The Boat of the Branch.
The third boat is called PA-KHET, "The Branch," and each end terminates in the head of a lion. In the middle of it stands the form of Osiris, who is called SHEFSHEF, and he wears on his head a pair of ram's horns; his arms and the upper portion of his body are swathed. Behind him stands the mummied form called AM-TA, and before him the god NEB-UAST. Of the two steersmen, only the name of the second, KHEN, or KHENNU is given; the name of the serpent which stands on its tail is SET-EM-MAAT-F.
Image right: The Four Forms of Osiris.
The procession of boats is met by four forms of Osiris, who stand with the upper portion of their bodies swathed.
Their names are:

1. NEB-NET,
2. MENI,
3. ARA-TCHERU,
4. MAA-TCHERU.

The text written above the boats reads:

"This great god journeyeth over NET-NEB-UA-KHEPER-AUT (i.e., the Water of the Lord One, the Creator of food).
[He who is in] this picture transporteth the boats which are in the earth, and he paddleth Osiris to this City.
This great god resteth for a period in this City, and he sendeth forth his voice to Osiris, and to those who are in his following, and [then] these hidden boats guide him into this Field.
This great god paddleth through this Field towards the Hour TENT-BAIU, and these boats journey round to the district of THETTU, after traversing this City.
Whosoever knoweth these things shall have both his habitation and his bread with Ra."

In the upper register are the following:
Image right: Third Hour. Upper Register. Gods Nos. 1-26.

1. A dog-headed ape seated on an oval mass of sand; he is called HER-SHA-F, "He who is on his sand."
2. A dog-headed ape called TCHEB-NETER, or TEBI-NETER, seated in a coffer(?) with a vaulted roof.
3, 4. Two jackal-headed gods called ANPU and NEHEM-KHERU, or NEHA-KHERU.
5, 6. A man and a woman, who hold in each hand a pupil of the Eye of Horus, or Ra; the man is called ANTH, i.e., "He who brings," and the woman ANTET, i.e., "She who brings."
7. The ram SMA-KHEFTIU-F.
8. A mummied form, with projecting hands, called PET-AHAT.
9. ANUBIS of Thebes, in the form of a jackal, couchant on a pylon.
10. A kneeling man, who holds in his left hand a pupil of the Eye of RA, and is called AN-MAAT-RA-SEHETEP-NETERU, i.e., "The bringer of the Eye of RA, who maketh content the gods."
11. The papyrus sceptre UR-HEKAU, i.e., "Great one of words of power," surmounted by a piece of flesh.
12-15. Four gods, whose names are SAU-AB, THEMA, HUN-SAHU, and THET-EM-KERH.
16-19. Four mummied forms. The first has a pair of horns on his head, the second two curved plumes (?), the third a winged uraeus, and the head of the fourth is without ornament; their names appear to be PEBA-F, KA-ARU, AUAI, and TEBA.
20-23. Four goddesses, whose names are HAIT, AKEBTIT, MATHI, and REMIT, these, as their names testify, were professional mourners.
24. The god HERU-KHETI, followed by the HENNU, standard, i.e., the hawk of SEKER upon a standard.
25, 26. The gods MEH-MAAT and NETER-NEFERU.
The text which refers to the above reads:

"Those who are in this picture in the TUAT have the flesh of their own bodies, and their souls speak over them, and their shadows are united unto them, and after this great god hath addressed them, they speak to him, and they say words of praise to him, and they weep after he hath passed them by.
The work which is theirs in Amentet is to take vengeance upon the Seba fiend of Ra, to make Nu to come into being, to make Hap (i.e., the Nile) to flow, and when he hath come forth in the earth from them, they send forth their voice, and take vengeance upon the Seba fiend.
Whosoever knoweth [these things] shall, when he passeth by these beings, not be driven away by their roarings, and he shall never fall down into their caverns."

In the lower register are:
image right 1: Third Hour. Lower Register. Gods Nos. 1-26.

1. The god KHNEMU, ram-headed.
2. A bearded male figure called NERTA, with hands raised in adoration.
3-6. Four forms of Osiris, mummified, bearded, and wearing the White Crown, and seated on chairs of state; their names are ASAR-NEB-AMENTET, ASAR-KHENT-AMENTET, ASAR-ASTI, and ASAR-THET-HEH, that is, "Osiris, lord of Amentet," "Osiris at the head of Amentet," "Osiris of the two seats," and "Osiris, conqueror of millions of years."
7-11. Five goose-headed beings, each holding a knife in his right hand; four of their names are NEHA-HRA, AKEBSEN, ATEMTI, and TUATUI.
12-14. A male figure called SEPAASHAT, who holds a knife with both hands, and stands between two women, whose names are MESKH-SET, and TEPT-BES-S.
15. The male bearded figure AMENTI.
16-19. Four forms of Osiris, mummified, bearded, and wearing the Red Crown, and seated on chairs of state; their names are ASAR-KA-AMENTET, ASAR-HER-KHENTU-F, ASAR-BATTI, and ASAR-KHERP-NETERU.
20, 21. The two goddesses SEH, and AHAU, who stand grasping the sceptre with both hands, and have their heads turned behind them.
22. The goddess BA-KHATI, who holds in each hand one of the eyes of Horns or RA.
23. The god KHETRA, holding a sceptre and an ankh.
24-26. Three gods, with bowed backs who touch the earth with their hands.
The text relating to the above reads:

"Those who are in this picture [and those who are in] the house of TET praise this great god, and when this great god hath sent forth words to them, they come to life, for when he hath called to them and hath sent forth his words to them [they have] their water, and they receive their due (literally, heads) in addition to the utterance of his mouth.
The work which they have to do in Ament is to hew and to hack souls in pieces, and set restraint upon shadows, and to destroy such doomed beings as have their being in their place of destruction which blazeth with fire.
They send forth flames and they cause fires to spring up, and the enemies are as those who have their knives over (or, on) their heads. They wail and they lament when this great god hath passed them by.
The name of the warder of this Field is KHETRA. Whosoever knoweth this shall be in the condition of a spirit who hath dominion over his legs."

M. Maspero, in his description of the THIRD HOUR,1 includes an extract from the speech which the Sun-god Ra makes to the inhabitants of NET-NEB-UA-KHEPER-AUT; as he points out, though three copies of the speech are extant, all are mutilated (see Lefébure, Le Tombeau de Seti Ier., 1re partie, pll. xv.-xvii., pll. xviii.-xx., and pl. xxii.), and it is impossible at present to reconstruct the text, although the general meaning of several sentences is clear enough.